Sports Observation At A Young Age Kids - 1057 Words

Shuman1 Maisson Shuman Dr.Dimmok,Chase ENC1102 9/15/2016 Sports Observation At a young age kids are active and need to be socially involved with others their own age. Youth sports should develop lively relationships, but unfortunately this isn t the case .Sports have played an important role in many kids lives for many years. They provide children with the chance to grow and socialize. There s a quote â€Å"High-quality organized sports are a gateway to academic achievement, better grades, improved chances of attending college, and success in the labor marketitive way In my observation I interviewed two players and one parent. I viewed a 7-8 year old youth basketball game. There are many different factors that involve youth sports.The first relationship is the player to player relationship. The players interact with each other often, on and off the field. During timeouts and in between quarters players initiate interaction between each other. The players mainly just want to have fun. The next relationship is between the parents and players. Most of the interaction between them is initiated by the parents. They tend to yell things at their child to make them play better or to complement them. The players don’t talk back to the parents. A couple parents at halftime would bring their child something to drink and talk to them. Shuman2 Another relationship is the coach and player relationship. Usually the most important.Show MoreRelatedObservation Experience : An Outdoor Center Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesObservation Experience: Comments: If you are not familiar with Greene Town center, start reading from the Background section otherwise skip to the Observation section. I had two hypotheses: first hypothesis, people come to the Greene Town Center for shopping and entertainment which is almost correct. The second hypothesis, many kids are wearing Halloween costumes since my observation in the Halloween weekend. 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In the survey (of boys eight to fourteen years of age) 84% of the 300 boys reported thatRead MoreChildren s Theatre : An Activity I Have Positive, First Hand Experience1722 Words   |  7 Pagesmaking sure the kids in the cast were behaving and paying attention to what was happening. These responsibilities, along with observing the kids behaviors, allowed me to see how being a part of a production can positively impact children’s lives. Perhaps the greatest and most apparent benefit to children involved in children’s theatre is the friendships that they make. You do not even have to spend a full rehearsal time at the theater to see who is friends with who. 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When Thinking About Women’S Movements, One Is Likely To

When thinking about women’s movements, one is likely to associate them with an event that has taken place in either the United States or Canada. Nevertheless, it is evident that women s movements have historically occurred across the globe. Often, however, individuals do not take this into consideration when thinking about how these types of movements have had an influence on society in the 21st century. While reading the article: Political Culture, Catalan Nationalism, and the Women’s Movement in Early Twentieth-Century Spain, I was informed about a historical movement that has had a profound societal influence, The Spanish Women’s Movement. Within Mediterranean Studies, we learn about many different historical events that took place,†¦show more content†¦This included their overall experience concerning how they were treated in regards to their social class, national identity, political culture, and gender reality. Once they became cognizant of their p oor treatment and developed the courage to stand up for themselves, they began this movement, which has led to great success in relation to social and political developments. As this political culture grew, many Catalan women believed that differences among genders had a profound impact on claiming women’s rights, more specifically, however, within the field of education and paid work. Subsequent to this argument, readers got a more descriptive understanding on nationalism and the formulation of Catalan feminism. At first, we are informed that by 1910, the word feminism was used quite commonly and exclusively by the women on the Catalan bourgeoisie, in order to define their movement. Throughout this time period, Catalan feminism was defined as social feminism, which was regarded towards the achievements of women’s rights in civil society. Due to many Catalan women being aware of their role in developing cultural identity, they used this achievement to obtain further educational and cultural amenities. Although the Catalan women’s movement caused conflict due to it generating tension between traditional views of life and the new feminist ways, in the mid 1900’s, 71% of the female population had high literacy rates. The politicization of theShow MoreRelatedThe, The Current Coo Of Facebook And The Former Google Executive Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesFacebook and the former Google executive has written a book called Lean In, a sort of feminist manifesto about a women’s involvement in the workplace, acknowledging the lack of females in leadership positions and encouraging women to be more assertive in their career goals Her thoughts on feminism were of little interest. More significantly, there was next-to-no public discussion of feminist thinking and practice. Rarely, if ever, was there any feminist book mentioned as a bestseller and certainly notRead MoreA Review Of Sheryl Sandberg s Lean And The Former Google Executive Essay1677 Words   |  7 Pageshold themselves back in their careers. She spoke to women about the issues they face in the workplace, and about how they could benefit themselves and their careers by taking risks and accepting challenges, while forgetting about the dange rous myth of â€Å"having it all† and setting boundaries for themselves, the current COO of Facebook and the former Google executive has written a book called Lean In, a sort of feminist manifesto about a women’s involvement in the workplace, acknowledging the lack ofRead MoreFeminist Thinking And Practice Of Feminism Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesyear ago, few folks were talking about Sheryl Sandberg. Her thoughts on feminism were of little interest. More significantly, there was next-to-no public discussion of feminist thinking and practice. 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The key question (s) that bell hooks is addressing is/are: (Figure out the key question (s) in the mind of the author when she wrote the chapter) The key question is basically on chapter 3, especially when he asked â€Å"Ain’t IRead MoreEssay on Lisa Belkins The Opt-Out Revolution 1476 Words   |  6 PagesRevolution† revolves around the multi-faceted issue of women’s involvement and presence in the paid work sector. Belkin argues that the issue of the unequal representation of women in full-time, full-year careers is a culmination of the impact of the maternal wall, the nature of the â€Å"stalled revolution†, and personal life â€Å"decisions† made by women. Throughout her work, Belkin addresses the tangible reality of the maternal wall and it’s impact on women’s ability to climb the corporate ladder, as well asRead MoreWomen’s Roles in the Late 19th Century1599 Words   |  6 Pagesall preserved originals, which fascinated me. Thinking how people who lived more than century ago wrote and read the same things I’m writing and reading about excited me to my very soul. Archive research though fascinating is not an easy task that can be done in within fifteen minutes like how researches are done these days using convenient technologies at hand. I spent two days in the archive to look for a text or a topic that I could write about. When I made the appointment to go into the archivesRead MorePresident Obama Signs Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Restoration Act1368 Words   |  6 Pages Women have been treated unfairly and unequally in history furthermore, there were many occasions when people joined together to make legislative changes. In 1848, a convention held in New York brought a call to action, making 12 resolutions that people wanted to see happen to provide women with the same amount of respect men had and the same rights. Later on in the nineteenth century Colorado is the first state to give women the right to vote, which led to other states following in Colorado’s footRead MoreSkeptecism of History and Science1097 Words   |  4 Pagesassumption or hypothesis presented in order to provide factual clarity. What may seem correct has the potential to be completely faulty when another evidence clashes with the primary idea. The two areas of knowledge that requires to an individual to thoroughly evaluate, question their claim, ask for clarity, consistency in logic and adequacy of evidence is history and science. When analyzing a historical event, ideally information is required to be traced back in both quantitative and qualitative variablesRead MoreEssay on The Divorce Rate and Women in the Workplace1723 Words   |  7 Pagesmarriage handled both of these needs. Some varieties of marriage are Polygamy- one man, several wives or one woman, several husbands. Polygyny- one man, several wives. 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Project Vision Document NSW Patient Story Catching System

Question: Discuss about theProject Vision Documentfor NSW Patient Story Catching System. Answer: Introduction: Purpose The proposed project aims to capture the stories of the patient and analyze the gathered information for assisting the doctors to provide better treatment to the patients. Scope: The system will be capable of collecting information from various sources like, computer, mobile, scanner and other interactive electronic devices. In addition to that, the system has to be smart enough for analyzing the raw data create information and knowledge. The system will output results on the basis of stored information and knowledge for assisting the treatment process. Overview: The overview of the project is to collect patient complete information along with the personal issues that they face and generate treatment patterns. Capabilities: Analyzing the story: Till-date, the doctors or some specialized personnel were used for analyzing the patients stories. In case of the NSWs purpose of developing the system, an extra hand was needed for differentiating the crucial factors from the ordinary ones so that the doctors can give more time in understanding the patients illness. In addition to that, the system will have the ability of investigating the story and automatically match between the various stories that will be collected. This is a crucial factor as common and different aspect of the various patients illness can be easily recognized. Huge Storage: The system will have a database that can save up to millions of stories at a time. The database designer will make the data storage system in such a way that the information can be easily accessible and provided to the required person. Identification of the illness: As the system grows older, more and more patterns will be stored in its database. This implies that the artificial intelligence that will be incorporated within the system will assist in recognizing the patients week points and suggest the doctors way for communicating with the patient. Problems: Less involvement of the patient: As the patients are not very interactive with the doctors, the doctors will have a difficulty in colleting the full story. Making the system interactive is not a solution too as the difficulty lies within the student rather than doctors or specialists. Making a system that can anticipate the mental situation of the patient and react according to it will take a lot of years to develop. Involvement of non-technical people: The designers and developers of the system have to understand every aspect of the human behavior. As not all the aspects are understandable by the developers, the doctors and other staffs of NSW have to take a crucial part in the development. Because the doctors and staffs do not have any technical study, the developers will have serious issues in incorporating the features in the system. Deadline issue: As the core functions of the system is very difficult to implement, the developers may need more to complete the system than expected. Product Overview: Within this section, the short description of the system is provided. Product Perspective: The products core functions may be completely independent but the system is not capable of interacting with the user freely. The user input raw data within the system through scanner, computer, and few other electronic devices. The patient input is taken but the result of the analysis is created for the doctors. Benefits: Service improvements: the organization can use the patient stories for identifying the common illness. This indentified information will be used for creating knowledge. This knowledge will be the key for making decisions. The more knowledge will be stored in the data base the better treatments can be provided. Therefore, the service of NSW will improve with time. Share of information: The system will be capable of sharing the information with the other systems. The collaboration with the systems will also allow NSW to collect the methods of treatment and gather patients previous treatment history. More stable: As the system stores all the information electronically and the backups will be taken of that information, the system will be capable of providing more stable storage. The papers can be damaged, burnt or lost. However, the losing digital data is right technology is used is impossible. Process of on Information: Input: The doctor will consult with the patient face-to-face. No telephonic assistance will be provided. One person will be responsible for input the conversation within the system. The reports will be input in the system through scanner or some other method. Analyzing: The system will differentiate the important raw data from the vague one. Then the recognized data will be analyzed and the crucial information will be generated. Those information will be provided to the doctor through a computer or mobile screen. The doctor will input something related to it and after the completion of the whole process knowledge will be created and stored for further use. Bibliography: Gaynor, M., Moreno-Serra, R. and Propper, C., 2013. Death by market power: reform, competition, and patient outcomes in the National Health Service.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,5(4), pp.134-166. Miranda, M.L., Ferranti, J., Strauss, B., Neelon, B. and Califf, R.M., 2013. Geographic health information systems: a platform to support the triple aim.Health Affairs,32(9), pp.1608-1615. Sittig, D.F. and Singh, H., 2012. Electronic health records and national patient-safety goals.New England Journal of Medicine,367(19), pp.1854-1860. Walker, J., Darer, J.D., Elmore, J.G. and Delbanco, T., 2014. The road toward fully transparent medical records.New England Journal of Medicine,370(1), pp.6-8.

Space research free essay sample

India’s progress in space has been very systematic starting with experimental satellites like Aryabhatta, Bhaskara, Apple and Rohini. It performed satellite application experiments like SITE, STEP and Apple application programme. The operational space services consist of INSAT system and Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS). The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) made a modest beginning in launch vehicles like SLV-3, and ASLV. The first development flight of the indigenous Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) was carried out in 1992 which could put 1,000 kg class remote sensing satellite into 900 km polar sun-synchronous orbit. India has acquired eminence in world class space science. It has mastered modern space technology and its various applications for the benefit of society. New space technology is being utilised for telecommunications, television broadcasts, weather watch and for providing information relating to agriculture, forests, water resources and minerals to mention a few. In the past three decades ISRO has built an infrastructure sector of space programme – construction and operation of satellites and their launch vehicles, ground station and sensors. We will write a custom essay sample on Space research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ISRO has also collaborated with other Indian institutions and over 250 private industries. Both private and public sectors manufacture a vanity of equipment and materials – light alloy structure for inter-stages, motor cases, liquid thrusters, propellant tanks, gas generation and electronic packages. The second launch facility at Sriharikota at a cost of Rs.280 crore is under construction. Launch Business In May last year ISRO embarked on the launch business through PSLV-C2 launch, thereby creating a strong impact on the global space market by successfully launching two foreign satellites along with its own ocean monitoring remote sensing satellite. They were launched by the PSLV. ISRO’s marketing agency Autrix Corporation has entered the world market with great success. It aims to secure about 20 per cent of the global share of remote sensing products. It is gratifying to note that PSLV with certain modifications can put payloads up to 4,000 kg into low earth orbits (LEO’s)  and up to 800 kg into geo-synchronous transfer orbits (GTO’s). So far India has been dependent on Ariane Space, the French space agency, for launching its satellites. But gradually ISRO is trying to make use of its own launching vehicles. Sriharikota’s proximity to the equator gives it a better payload advantage for any polar launch. The flight of INSAT-3B, INSAT-3A and the GSLV will take ISRO into higher orbit. Once the GSLV is declared operational, India’s future INSAT satellites will be launched by this rocket. Reduced Costs The Chairman of ISRO, Dr K Kasturirangan has projected a significant lowering of space launch costs in the country in the next few decades. While the cost for positioning one kg of material in space today was $20,000 it was presaged that the same would come down to $5000 by 2007 and as low as $500 per kg between 2030-2050. Fully reusable vehicles have also been foreseen. He reveals hat the performance efficiency of Indian spacecraft is on the increase. According to Aerospace America, Indian remote sensing commercial satellites are among the best in the world. IRS-1C and IRS-ID provide the best high resolution data to the user community anywhere in the world and the data from these satellites are being received and used by several countries including the US, Japan, Germany, Korea, Thailand and Dubai. India has now established credibility as a space technology vendor. The world’s largest satellite manufacturer in the US has ordered satellite hardware worth US $700,000 from India. India’s space technology export earnings have tripled from around Rs.10 crore to Rs.30 crore over the past three years. INSAT-3B Recently, ISRO launched the first of the third generation communication satellite INSAT-3B. This 2,070 kg satellite is primarily intended for business, development and mobile communications. It would almost double the transponder capacity. It would provide the first set of transponders for interactive training and developmental communications as part of the Vidya Vahini programme announced by the Prime Minister. Indian space scientists are now engaged in the development of cryogenic engine, required for GSLV in future. Last February the test of first home-made cryogenic rocket engine was carried out but a hydrogen leak probably led to premature  termination of the test. But scientists say the problem will soon be solved. The test was carried out at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre at Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu. Experts agree that India crossed an important milestone in the development of indigenous cryogenic upper stage for GSLV. The engine had employed liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. This short duration test proved that many operations were successful which were done for the first time. Valuable data have been collected which are being analysed for further tests. Towards Moon Coming on the heels of all these developments is ISRO’s plan to go to the moon. ISRO has already begun preliminary studies to assess the feasibility of undertaking such a mission. ISRO’s satellite centre director, Dr P S Goel, says the study will cover scientific benefits which could be derived from the lunar mission. ISRO’s PSLV is a proven rocket and is capable of flying up to the lunar orbit. If India’s mission to the moon succeeds, then it would have joined the US and the former Soviet Union in making its presence felt in the lunar environment. ISRO is also planning to launch a series of remote sensing satellites with a variety of applications including one solely dedicated to the field of astronomy. Indian space scientists foresee several developments in the new millennium when they can scale new heights. Revolutionary developments in the fields of communication, information and micro- electronics are driving greater convergence and forging new directions for aerospace programmes. Space would be a strong tool for development in future sys Dr Kasturirangan. He is of the view that from development of civil applications such as personal mobile communications at a global level and management of natural disasters to futuristic vistas such as space power generation and space tourism the new possibilities are unlimited. India’s experience has clearly shown that the investment in space always pays through remote sensing and telecommunications. By being fully self-reliant in space activities, it is certain that the resulting contribution from the space programme to the Indian GDP will be markedly significant. *Science Writer

The Hundred Years War essays

The Hundred Years War essays The Hundred Years' War had distant and immediate causes. In 1259, France and England signed the Treaty of Paris. This main point of the treaty was the English king agreed to become vassal of the French crown for the duchy of Aquitaine. The English claimed Aquitaine as an ancient inheritance. The French kinds resolved to absorb the duchy into the kingdom of France. Philip confiscated the duchy. This was the immediate cause of the war. Edward the II assumed the title of the king of France. He believed that he could rightfully make this claim. Hence, the dynastic argument upset the feudal order in France. To increase their power, French vassals of Philip VI used the excuse that they had to transfer their loyalty to Edward III. Because of the war being a French civil war, it lasted long. Economic factors involving the wool trade and the control of Flemish towns also served as reasons for the war between France and England. ...

Review of the Broadway Theatre Essays

Review of the Broadway Theatre Essays Review of the Broadway Theatre Essay Review of the Broadway Theatre Essay In this report I will be reviewing the present situation at the Broadway Theatre. The staffing structure This staffing structure shows that the Owner is in charge of the Manager even though he plays no part in the running of the business. In turn the Manager has a span of control over of his 3 assistant managers. The 3 assistant managers are each in charge of the department managers. This means that the Catering Manager is in charge of the Barperson; the Sales Manager is in charge of the Bookings Clerk and the Administrator is in charge of the Secretary. Their is a clear chain of command shown by this organisation chart, this is shown by the vertical lines of authority. Orders will passed down the chain until they are carried out. The horizontal line across the assistant managers shows they are of equal rank. Staff Responsibilities Manager The Manager is responsible for all aspects of day-to-day management; he is also responsible for his 3 assistant managers. Assistant Manager The Assistant Manager deputises for the Manager and is responsible for morning and afternoon events. Assistant Manager The Assistant Manager deputises for the Manager and is responsible for the administration, sales, and catering staff. Assistant Manager The Assistant Manager deputises for the Manager and is responsible for the matinees and evening events. Administrator Is responsible for all the administration as well as the supervision of the office staff. Sales Manager The Sales Manager is responsible for sales and marketing, promotions and advertising and the supervision of the bookings office. Catering Manager The Catering Manager is responsible for the preparation and sale of refreshments. Secretary Is responsible for general word processing and office work. Bookings Clerk Is responsible for ticket sales. Barperson Is responsible for bar sales. Business costs and revenues The costs of the business can be split into 4 sections, they are as follows: buildings, administration, publicity and performances. EXPENDITURE/COSTS à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½000s Buildings : Council rent 40 Non-domestic rates 15 Insurance 10 Water rates 2 Heating 10 Lighting ; Electricity 10 Cleaning 5 Repairs and Maintenance 5 Administration : Salaries and Wages 110 Stationary 2 Postage 2 Telephone 2 Printing (tickets ; programmes) 10 Accountancy fee 2 Publicity : Advertising 20 Printing (posters ; leaflets) 10 Performances : Consumables sets, floral displays ect 20 Hire of companies/performers 100 TOTAL EXPENDITURE/COSTS 375 Their are 3 types of costs; fixed costs, variable costs and semi variable costs. Fixed costs are costs which do not change, they are not affected my the amount of sales or production. Variable are costs which can vary, they are affected by the amount of sales or production. Semi variable costs which can be subject to variation. Sales/revenues Sources of revenue: INCOME à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½000s Grants and sponsorship 100 Advertising 10 Sales : Box office 250 Foyer events 15 Programmes 15 Catering 50 TOTAL NON-SALES 110 TOTAL SALES 330 TOTAL INCOME 440 To calculate the profit : Cash flow Cash flow refers money that is coming into the business (receipts) and money that is being paid out (payments) over a period of time. A liquidity problem relates to cash flow. A liquidity problem is when a business has a lack of cash when it is needed to pay bills, wages ect. In other words a liquidity problem is when a businesss receipts can not keep pace with its payments. This is one reason why businesss produce a cash flow forecast. A cash flow forecast is a statement that a business will produce of accurate cash receipts and payments over a period of time such as a year. This forecast will indicate how profitable a business will be over the set period of time. If the business is doing well the cash flow forecast will show that at the end of the year a substantial profit will be made and that their is a market for the sales to be maintained or increased. A bank will often require a cash flow forecast when giving a firm an overdraft facility to solve any liquidity problems. An other way of solving a liquidity problem is to approach a factor. A factor is a firm which will take over a businesss debts for a fee. This can be an effective way of solving a liquidity problem as the firm will not have to employ any debt collectors. However, the fee that the factor will charge will be an expensive one. Therefore, the firm may try to delay the payments of their bills or even ask that receipts are paid more promptly. The components of a cash flow forecast include: The cash flow forecast breaks down the receipts and payments to give the total receipts at the end of each month and the total payments. Then, by subtracting the total payments for the end of the month from the total receipts for the end of the month, the net cash flow is calculated. This net cash flow is added to the opening balance for the month to give the closing balance for the month. The closing balance for the month then becomes next months opening balance. Theatres grounds Located within the theatres grounds is a disused bandstand, a car park, and a duck pond. The rest of the area owned by the theatre is made up of open land and trees. The theatre itself is situated on a road leading to the town centre, however their is no public transport from the town after 8.00 p.m. Inside the theatre The theatre has 3 main public entrances and exits. There is one main entrance at the front leading into the foyer; another at the right-hand side of the theatre; and a ramp on the left-hand side of the theatre for wheelchair access. Performances and shows For a given week in the theatre these our the opening times: The theatre is open all day on : Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. It is closed all day Monday; in the afternoon on Tuesday; and is only open in the morning on Sunday. The theatre offers a 2 hour bingo session twice a week. Once on Tuesday morning and once on Thursday morning. The Broadway comedy Never a Dull Moment is on 5 times throughout the week; once on Thursday, twice on Friday, and twice on Saturday. As it stands the maximum number of events the theatre offers in a day is 3; a morning, afternoon and evening event. All the events have a charge ranging from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15 per seat, except for the Open Morning on Friday which is open to everyone for no charge. The rest of the events on offer including Bop till you Drop and All Work and no Play are largely aimed at the older generation. Seat prices and Audience Capacity SEAT PRICES STALLS CIRCLE à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Bingo 2 Films Matin(e 5 7 Evening 7 10 Plays Matin(e 10 7 Evening 15 10 Entrance fee for all events in Broadway Foyer à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2 AUDIENCE CAPACITY TOTAL SEATS Stalls 100 Circle 100 Foyer 100 What appear to be the key problems with the Broadway Theatre The first problem that came to my attention when reviewing the theatre was the staffing structure. This appears to be a problem as their are 3 assistant managers all of equal rank, all deputising for the Manager; surely this is not necessary. To increase the businesss profit margins the business needs to make costs cuts. An example of unnecessary costs are a number of the fixed costs, such as consumables which include floral displays totalling à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20,000. Clearly the business can not afford to be spending such amounts when the profit retained is marginal. It appears the theatre is not taking full advantage of what it has to offer the public. Examples of this include the theatre being closed for what adds up to 2 days in total. This is clearly an area for improvement as whether or not the theatre is open or closed it will have to pay its fixed costs which total a staggering à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½361,000 per annum. Therefore it would make sense to address this problem. Also the theatre does not have all of its available seats for sale when the bingo is on. It would make good sense for theatre to use all of its resources available. The theatre puts on an event called Never a Dull Moment this event is on 5 times during the course of the week and surely the same person would not wish to watch the show 5 times. This presents a problem which needs to be addressed in order to encourage people to return to the theatre time and time again. It is not good enough to just attract a customer for a one-off occasion you should aim to gain their regular custom and build up a sound reputation. Located within the theatres grounds is a disused bandstand that presents a whole window of opportunity. The theatre would do hard to go wrong if they brought it back into use and made a feature of it primarily for the summer months. The Broadway Theatre has a lot to offer the public, however if many of the public do not have regular access to theatre after 8.00 p.m. then the theatre can not demonstrate what it has to offer to the public. It is vital that the theatre addresss this problem in order to boost ticket sales. It also appears that the theatres target audience is the elder generation. At first glance this may not appear to be a problem, however, their are as many old people as young people who all enjoy attending the theatre it would be an idea to also accomodate younger people. This concludes my findings for the key problems I have identified.

Ch. 5 Writing Today p. 63-83 + other excerpts from the Textbook Essay

Ch. 5 Writing Today p. 63-83 + other excerpts from the Textbook - Essay Example He completed his medical training in Canada back in 1970 despite the challenges he faced as a foreigner of Middle-Eastern decent. Bugnah cites language barrier as the main obstacle that impeded the training process. Born and raised in Saudi Arabia, he was fluent in Arabic, and could barely speak English. This remained the case even after he decided to enroll in medical school in a foreign country. He admits that this disadvantage prompted him to work harder than his counterparts who were born and bred in Canada. The fact that he was also sure about what sub-field he wanted to specialize in helped him focus all his energy in perfecting his craft. â€Å"I could already see the finish line from the race’s starting point,† he retorted when asked about whether he was sure whether this was the career, he had always wanted. Because his profession centers on bringing new life into this world, the curiosity to know whether Bugnah had a family of his own ran high. â€Å"I have been blessed with a beautiful wife, three daughters and three sons†, he stated with a smile on his face. His reminiscent look showed how deeply he cared about his family: and why not? He had every reason to be happy about being able to expand his career while simultaneously take charge as the family’s primary breadwinner, as is the custom in the Middle East (AbuKhalil). Determined to know more about what his plans for the future were, I asked him about his accolades he had received in the past. Bugnah remains a well-respected OBGYN, regarded by those within and without the profession. So far, he has received honorary awards from top-universities across the globe, and especially at his alma mater. He continuously engages in research projects, which has resulted in the publication of many of his works. Bugnah hopes to retire in five years time, which will give him more time to focus on the research aspect of OBGYN. It is evident that just like others in his profession, full-time research is the

Research Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research Portfolio - Essay Example 81). Due to the increased level of global trade, the foreign exchange, market has grown since as early as 1980 to present. It is estimated that on average, global foreign exchange turnovers have increased from $1.7 trillion in the year 1998 to $3.98 trillion in the month of April, 2010 (Weithers, 2012, pp. 221). Amidst all this growth, the foreign exchange market has had its challenges and emerging issues which affect its operations and growth. One of the major challenges facing international trade is global and regional recessions such as the global credit crunch and the EU financial crisis. Economic openness or regions also highly impact the forex market. Some of the emerging issues in the foreign exchange market include financial instruments such as in spot transactions, forwards, swaps, future and options. Hedge funds have also developed with the growth of the forex market. The following project will be investigating the contemporary issues in the foreign exchange market and thei r effects Research questions First, what are the emerging financial instruments in the foreign exchange market and their effects on the market? Second, what are the effects of regional and global recessions on the foreign exchange market? Third, what is the relationship between economic openness of economies and the foreign exchange market? Fourth, what are the major determinants of the exchange rates in the global market? Fifth, what are the challenges in the foreign exchange market? Data To answer the first question, I will collect data from existing literature about developments in financial instruments in the dynamic foreign exchange market. These include turn overs in the options and future markets. Google scholar has credible sources on information. World Bank’s website (data.worldbank.com) has reliable data on facts such as volumes of forex exchange trade, economic openness of countries and variables which could indicate intensities of regional and global recessions. T hese include GDP and Public Debt levels of countries studies. Data will be collected over the period from 1990 to 2010 from countries most actively involved in the foreign exchange market such as the UK, Japan and the US Proposed methodology A correlation coefficient will be calculated to determine if there is any relationship between emerging issues, such as options, futures, economic openness and business cycles, and the development of the global foreign exchange market. I will use a regression model to estimate the effect of the former variable (emerging issues such as options and futures turnovers, economic openness and business cycles) on the later variable (global foreign exchange market turn overs). Emerging issues are the independent variables while the global foreign exchange market is the dependent variable. The following model will be estimated F = C + a*O +b* Fu + c*Eo + d*Bc Where; F – foreign exchange market turnover C – Constant O – Options turn o vers Fu – Futures turn overs Eo – Economic openness index Bc – Business cycle indicator References DeLong, G., Smith, R.C., Walter, I., (2012), Global Banking, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Weithers, T, (2012), Foreign exchange: A practical guide to the fx markets volume 309 of wiley finance, New York: John Wiley & Sons. Effects of banking market structure on firm performance Financial institutions such as banks are important elements of economic and social

Spirit and clotted Essay Example for Free

Spirit and clotted Essay Free masonry began as a labor union but turned into a fraternal order when its leaders sought to expand their political clout by admitting members of royalty, government officials and other men of influence. Modern masonry is populated primarily by three different personality types; he leaders who are often little more than school yard bullies with few skills and abilities, its workers who thanklessly devote their lives to learning and teaching rituals, conferring degrees and perpetuating the organization and its silent majority who seldom (if ever) attend lodge because they are ashamed that the â€Å"secret† allegedly revealed to them, halve entirely escaped their grasp. (Robinson pg 128) The essence of freemasonry. a) Brotherly love- it is a mythical initiatic tradition to unite all those of honor virtue, truth and honesty in a fraternal union of diversity for the betterment of humanity. b) Relief- it is an organization where masons and lodges apply to best humanity and the fraternity has identified and developed, solving problems, righting wrongs and alleviating burdens of distress while ensuring a holistic progressive and cosmopolitan way of life. c) Truth- it is a life long process of learning, reflection, and improvement to identify, acknowledge and address internal contradictions in physical, spiritual, and psychological ways. (Robinson pg129) The lessons in freemasonry are brotherly love, tolerance, charity. It encourages its members to scientific inquiry, industry, and reverence for daily life. Freemasons claim that their practice is almost entirely harmless to the world at large. They also believe that individuals who practice it are always improved. The tradition of freemasonry refers to God whom they call the â€Å"Grand Architect of the Universe†. They also have biblical images such as the Temple of Solomon. The masons cultivate group solidarity, stress the cultivation of ethical virtues and perform solemn rituals like religions. Freemasons do not agree that their fraternity is the same as religion. They claim that it is meant to encourage and complement the previous religion identities of its members. It can be joined by men of any religion except atheists. However, they are challenged to ascertain what the difference between them and other groups who have the same features. Scouting for instance has the flag ceremony which is considered to be a ritual. (http://www. helium. com/tm/796093/freemasonry-multi-series-masonic. ) Freemasons believe that every degree of masonry is progressive and cannot be obtained but by time patience and assiduity. In the first degree, they are taught the duties they owe to their neighbors and to themselves. In the second degree, they are admitted to participate in the mysteries of human science, and to trace the goodness and majesty of the Creator, by minutely analyzing His works. The third degree is the cement of the whole; it is calculated to bind men together by mystic points of fellowship as in a bond of fraternal affection and brotherly love, it points to the darkness of the death and to the obscurity of the grave as a fore warner of a more brilliant light which shall follow at the resurrection of the just, when these mortal bodies which have been long slumbering in the dust shall be awakened, reunited to their kindred spirit and clotted with immortality. (http://www. helium. com/tm/796093/freemasonry-multi-series-masonic. ) Freemasonry is today under greater interest and scrutiny. This is especially by young men who are seeking a better understanding of their own place in society and spirituality. People hope that the ancient rituals can help provide a rite of passage lacking in the society now and bring them back in touch with the lost spiritual truths. (http://www. helium. com/tm/796093/freemasonry-multi-series-masonic. )

Compare and contrast what the poems My Last Duchess and The Laboratory :: English Literature

Compare and contrast what the poems My Last Duchess and The Laboratory are saying about human relationships. Compare and contrast what the poems ‘My Last Duchess’ and ‘The Laboratory’ are saying about human relationships and how the poet makes the poems interesting. The laboratory is about a woman wanting to poison/ kill her rivals so she can be the kings mistress. My Last Duchess is about a man describing his last Duchess, and how the painter flirted with her, he describes her features that show the painter was flirting with her. Both ‘The Laboratory’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ are of anger and resentment, in ‘The Laboratory’ it is the discarded mistress who is jealous about other women flirting and dancing with the King, and in ‘My Last Duchess’ it is of the Duke, and he is showing dis-pleasure in the way the his last Duchess conducted herself with other men. The quotes that back these up are, In the Laboratory. ‘Soon at the King’s, a mere lozenge to give And Pauline should have just thirty minutes to live! But to light a pastille, and Elise, with her head, And her breast and her arms and her hands should drop dead!’ and in ‘ My Last Duchess’ it was ‘Too easily impressed; she like whate’er. The writer in the poems are trying to say relationships break down for one reason or another, in these cases it’s infidelity, one person casting off someone for others, and in ‘The Laboratory’ she is fascinated with the process of how the alchemist makes the poisons, she thinks the poisons are beautiful, but they are very deadly, she uses beautiful words to make the poisons seem beautiful e.g. ‘ And yonder soft phial, the exquisite blue, sure to taste sweet,- is that poison too.’ She wants the poisons to be quick and effective, and if they suffer it would be a bonus. The poets wrote them this way because they are ballade, and use rhyme and rhythm almost as if telling a story, the poets use alliteration ‘which is the poison to poison her prithee’ and onomatopoeia ‘Grind, Mash, Pound’ and in ‘My Last Duchess’ he uses similes ‘look as if she

Asteroids vs. Comets

Asteroids vs. Comets Spacecrafts have retrieved extraordinarily valuable information that has furthered the human race’s knowledge of what exists in outer space. However, spacecrafts and shuttles are extremely expensive to build and launch into space so they should be well taken care of. Sending a spacecraft to an asteroid is far better and safer than sending a spacecraft to a comet for quite a few different reasons. First, an asteroid is made up of less materials than a comet. Next, comets produce two tails when approaching the Sun.Lastly, an asteroid’s orbit is much more predictable than a comet’s orbit. With these characteristics, asteroids make a better object for spacecrafts to land on rather than comets. A typical asteroid is made up of rock, metal, and iron. The iron causes asteroids to be rock solid with some loose piles of rubble. Comets consist of many different materials such as ice and dust. With less exposed materials, sending a spacecraft to an aste roid instead of a comet reduces unexpected obstacles with the comet’s atmospheric conditions.Having an atmosphere with high levels of water and dust can also make the spacecraft’s maneuvering difficult. An asteroid would be much more suitable for spacecraft maneuvering due to it’s rocky and dry shell. Comets produce two tails when they get closer to the Sun while asteroids produce no tails. These two tails consist of one white tail made of dust and another blue tail containing ionized gas. The Sun’s light creates radiation pressure and when mixed with solar wind, they push the dust and gas outward and away from the Sun thus creating the two tails.Exposing a spacecraft to these conditions can be very detrimental to the exterior and technology of the spacecraft. Which would be very counterproductive and could potentially destroy any evidence recorded. Asteroids, however, are basically big piles of rubble with craters. Spacecrafts would have a much easier ti me landing on an asteroid as opposed to a comet. Asteroids come from the inner solar system and have a very predictable orbit. All asteroids orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the â€Å"asteroid belt† around the Sun.Some comets may have a predictable orbit, however, there are many ways a comet may be knocked off course. Comets come from the outer solar system where other objects or even passing stars can cause the comet to have a different orbit. Having a more predictable orbit would make a spacecraft mission much easier to map and plan out. It costs around $300 million to send a spacecraft on a mission to space on an interplanetary mission. In this case, asteroids are much better for a spacecraft to take a mission to.Asteroids are made up of less materials that contribute to a dangerous climate which is much more suitable for a spacecraft to maneuver around on. Second, comets produce two tails containing dust and ionized gas which would make it difficult to land a spacecraft on. Last, asteroids have a very predictable orbit while comets can be harder to track and plan a mission to. Asteroids clearly have better qualities for a spacecraft to be sent to.

Mobile Voting System Essay

Project Background Mobile Technology is most important in the world and current generation. We can get updated information using mobile devices. Such device can be used for personal and business transactions. Moreover, mobile devices functionality has evolved tremendously. Nowadays, it can be used for a variety of purposes like to locate places much like a GPS, to read barcodes, to play games, to browse the Internet, to know weather reports, to vote, and so much more. Significantly the most important uses are the voice calls, video calls and Short Messaging System (SMS). Currently various models of mobile phones have come out in the market and each one having special advantages over the others. The SMS or message facility is important in the mobile device. It allows the sender to send messages from one mobile to another mobiles device. Most business establishments advertise through print media like the newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, brochures, and so much more. They also make use of the radio to promote their product and services. Furthermore, a lot business establishments conduct market survey like allowing consumer to choose which product they like best or selecting the best brands and so on. For example, Nawras Telecommunication is one of the best communications providers in Oman. It makes the communication service very convenient to the customers. During festival or holiday, Nawras send bulk messages to its customers informing them of promotions. Using this marketing strategy, customers will be aware of exciting promos and discounts. The backbone of any business is advertisement. Companies have used mobile technology to get to customers and sell their products and services. With this technology, companies can reach customer base very easy and quickly, thus, improving the business. Problem Statement Although print media is effective in advertising products, the problem lies on the cost. It is very expensive to advertise using this medium. When businesses conduct market survey, they usually do it manually. Example, they visit households randomly and ask them questions pertaining to their product and services or they gave out questionnaires to people on the streets. As seen, it is very time and effort consuming. Project Objectives The objective of this project is to design and implement a Mobile Marketing System. It specifically seeks to: 1. Lessen the cost in advertising; 2. Lessen time and effort in conducting market research or study; 3. Use the mobile phone as a marketing strategy to advertise and conduct market study; and 4. Design, develop and test a Mobile Marketing System. CHEPTER 2: 3.1 Research Research Part is a step of scientific approach and can say as practice based research. How to collect the information, investigate for new project and understand the previous system and study the various information from books material and websites. The main aim of the research is using mobile technology to get to customers and sell their products and services . Before starting this project i read about companies and how to do promotion for electronic products Without the need to buy advertisement may cost many amounts. And read the way advertising through mobile phones So you want to snap the project 2.2 PROJECT PLANNING 2.3 Analysis and Design ANALYSIS Systems analysis is the study of sets of interacting entities, including computer systems analysis. This section will analyze the functionality the software and what programming language will it be implemented. The design section will contain screen layouts as well as the core design of the software and the way it will be implemented.. DESIGN The researcher will analyze and design the database based on the clients requirement. Modeling tools will be used to draw cases and data flows. Design phase also includes the structure of our database. Also will start by designing the site according to our analysis. Then will create the database depending on the previous design. Then will make a connection between the application itself and the database. The detailed design are at the stage of detailed design, working on the computer begins in earnest. At this stage, the design of the system becomes more organized. Are drawn inputs, outputs, and processing specifications is in the details. 2.4 Implementation and Testing After testing is completed, the system will be implemented in the client side. Testing is most important in system development. We need to test the system in all levels. First, it will be tested using unit testing which uses column level test. In this project, each and every column should be validated. Unit is the smallest possible testable software component. This project will start with unit testing by testing each module of the project. Second, stress testing will be performed. It is done when a system is tested with a load that causes it to allocate its resources for develop the product in maximum amounts, this is called stress testing. For example, in this project, bulk messages will be sent and received to and from customers and stress testing will be performed to check the efficiency of the system. It is expected that delays will happen. 2.5 Critical Evaluation It is necessary to evaluate the system after design, development and testing the system for validation purposes. Evaluation of the new system depends on the design, development and test team and users of the project. It traps future error and defines future enhancements as recommended by the user. User evaluation is of prime importance because he/she is the one who will be using the system every day, so their approval must be sought.

Free Essays on The Bubonic Plague

The Bubonic Plague swept across Europe in 1348 killing millions. We now know that the disease spread by infected fleas that carried the bodies of bacteria. During the middle ages, people weren’t as educated as we are now and they blamed the plague on God, and used the Jewish as a scapegoat. This revealed much about their beliefs and knowledge. People were highly influenced by God and the Church. In Document 1, Giovanni Bocaccio says, â€Å"It started in the east either through the influence of the stars or because God’s just anger†¦Ã¢â‚¬  People weren’t aware that bacteria caused these plagues. They believed that God was punishing them. Then in Document 4, Lisabetti Contenni says that when she fed her infected husband a piece of bread touched by the body of St. Domenica, all signs of the plague disappeared. This proved how they believed that everything was caused by a higher power. They believed that God had the power to cure and kill. They believed God controlled everything that happened. They never questioned anything. People were devoted to God, and church was an enormous part of the lives of medieval people. In Document 2, Erasmus of Rotterdam says, â€Å" The plague and sickness is due to the filth in the streets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These people weren’t advanced in medicine. They weren’t aware of the real reasons of sickness. Then in Document 5 a French doctor, H. de Rochas explained that the â€Å"poison† of the plague was taken out using toads, whose venom should draw out the disease. This also showed us that their forms of medicine weren’t very effective. The people had been using methods of healing that weren’t radical. These people’s beliefs about the plague, that it was caused by some higher power, and they’re medical beliefs portray them as a poorly advanced, religious society. If they thought so many people were wiped out because of God, they were very religious. The church controlled just about every a... Free Essays on The Bubonic Plague Free Essays on The Bubonic Plague The Bubonic Plague swept across Europe in 1348 killing millions. We now know that the disease spread by infected fleas that carried the bodies of bacteria. During the middle ages, people weren’t as educated as we are now and they blamed the plague on God, and used the Jewish as a scapegoat. This revealed much about their beliefs and knowledge. People were highly influenced by God and the Church. In Document 1, Giovanni Bocaccio says, â€Å"It started in the east either through the influence of the stars or because God’s just anger†¦Ã¢â‚¬  People weren’t aware that bacteria caused these plagues. They believed that God was punishing them. Then in Document 4, Lisabetti Contenni says that when she fed her infected husband a piece of bread touched by the body of St. Domenica, all signs of the plague disappeared. This proved how they believed that everything was caused by a higher power. They believed that God had the power to cure and kill. They believed God controlled everything that happened. They never questioned anything. People were devoted to God, and church was an enormous part of the lives of medieval people. In Document 2, Erasmus of Rotterdam says, â€Å" The plague and sickness is due to the filth in the streets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These people weren’t advanced in medicine. They weren’t aware of the real reasons of sickness. Then in Document 5 a French doctor, H. de Rochas explained that the â€Å"poison† of the plague was taken out using toads, whose venom should draw out the disease. This also showed us that their forms of medicine weren’t very effective. The people had been using methods of healing that weren’t radical. These people’s beliefs about the plague, that it was caused by some higher power, and they’re medical beliefs portray them as a poorly advanced, religious society. If they thought so many people were wiped out because of God, they were very religious. The church controlled just about every a...

Pink-Collar Ghetto for Women

Pink-Collar Ghetto for Women The term â€Å"pink-collar ghetto† means that many women are stuck in certain jobs, mostly low-paying jobs, and usually because of their sex. â€Å"Ghetto† is used figuratively to evoke an area where people are marginalized, often for economic and social reasons. â€Å"Pink-collar† denotes jobs historically held only by women (maid, secretary, waitress, etc.)   The Pink-Collar Ghetto   The Women’s Liberation Movement brought about many changes for the acceptance of women in the workplace throughout the 1970s. However, sociologists still observed a pink-collar workforce, and women still did not earn as much as men overall. The term pink-collar ghetto reflected this discrepancy and revealed one of the major ways women were at a disadvantage in society.   Pink-Collar vs. Blue-Collar Jobs Sociologists and feminist theorists who wrote about the pink-collar workforce observed that pink-collar jobs often required less education and paid less than white-collar office jobs, but also paid less than blue-collar jobs typically held by men. The blue-collar jobs (construction, mining, manufacturing, etc.) required less formal education than white-collar jobs, but the men who held blue-collar jobs were often unionized and tended to receive better pay than the women stuck in the pink-collar ghetto. The Feminization of Poverty The phrase was used in a 1983 work by Karin Stallard, Barbara Ehrenreich and Holly Sklar called Poverty in the American Dream: Women and Children First. The authors analyzed the feminization of poverty and the fact that the increased number of women in the workforce were largely working the same jobs as they had since the previous century.

Why Chinese governments stimulate outward FDI Essay

Why Chinese governments stimulate outward FDI - Essay Example China has continued to stimulate outward FDI, with the lifting of restrictions on Chinese firm operations overseas on the new law on foreign exchange. For instance, there is no need to obtain exchange based on a risk assessment. This is expected to increase Chinas Outward FDI. As much as the countries may have difficulties in navigating towards the process, China may opt to go to the developing countries because of initiatives employed by these countries. Recently China is focusing on Africa, to increase the outward FDI since it is currently relatively small than the size of its economy (Ilhà ©u, 2010). There are other top host countries of great interest to china, which include Hong Kong and the Caribbean tax haven. That constantly account for about 70% of the flow. These counties are often used by multinational firms to store wealth as a result of their confidentiality to the foreign investors. Focusing on these countries by Chinese firm may also be one of the ways of hiding wealt h from tax authorities, other authorities or the public shareholders (Morck, et al. 2007). The following are the three features of Chinese macro environment that are likely to connect with the outward FDI surge. High saving rates, Weak corporate governance, distorted capital allocation. As much as outward FDI can let firms gain important economies of scale and scope, the above features could combine to induce excessive outward FDI by the wrong players that would be working with the Chinese long-term economic prospects (Morck, et al. 2007, p 10). Therefore, it is important to understand outward FDI to achieve prosperity. Outward foreign direct investment by the Chinese firms was expected to reach a record of USD 120 billion in 2014. However, the recent liberalization of capital controls has also further complicated the task of recording such outflows accurately. Other data points suggest that the

News Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

News Article - Assignment Example According to the report by National Center for health Statistics and the newspaper, data indicates a 76% increase in the rate of twin births in the US (BAKALAR). The article educates about the dangers of using fertility drugs. The fertility drugs interrupts with the cycles and induces hormones in the bodies of females. The drugs also enhance sexual activities leading to more sexual contacts and eventual fertilization. The most important poit to learn from the article is that the fertility drugs interfere with women cycles hence may increase the rate of fertilization. The article is valid scientifically and can be supported by various points. One is the fundamental reason that hormones, which can be induced or suppressed by drugs, control the process of pregnancy. This knowledge has led to increased use of drugs to enhance the process of pregnancy. The drugs have several effects amongst them being the multiple births. BAKALAR, NICHOLAS. Twin Births in the U.S., Like Never Before. 23 January 2012. 2013 . Two-thirds of the increase is probably explained by the growing use of fertility drugs and assisted reproductive technology. The remainder is mainly attributable to a rise in the average age at which women give birth. Older women are more likely to produce more than one egg in a cycle, and 35 percent of births in 2009 were to women over age 30, up from 20 percent in 1980. This age-induced increase applies only to fraternal twins, though; the rate of identical twin births does not change with the age of the mother. From 1980 through 2004, increases in twin birth rates averaged more than 2 percent a year, but from 2004 to 2009, the increase slowed to 1 percent annually. Joyce A. Martin, the lead author of the report, suggested that better techniques in fertility enhancement procedures may have

English and Spanglish Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English and Spanglish - Personal Statement Example Both Spanish and English occupy an important place in my life helping me to communicate and understand other people. In my life, language diversity begins with effective quality education, and whenever we will seek to create multifaceted cultural strategies in schools, they will be readily reflected in my social environments, for these are also shaped by those who graduate from schools and who are actively involved into various types of cultural initiatives that are closely aligned with the major goals in education. Effective communication is not possible without learning and demonstrating good communication skills. My impression is that the general attitude to this language group is hostility that is showed from the side of the white population. Amy Tan writes: "people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her" (Amy Tan). The combination of t hese skills is very important for facilitating effective communication. As for good communication practices, these practices are important for ensuring that my needs and interests are being heard and addressed. What is fundamental for effective communication is "active" listening. Traditionally, good listening entails listening to the content of the dialogue. In the major part of the cases the context of the dialogue is comprised of the tone and physical gestures. These are used by people to express the interests of the group. My English differs from other Englishes so I use many Spanish words and phrases which help me to express my emotions and feelings. Usually, I use these phrases at home and with my friends who understand them correctly. So, I try to avoid Spanishisms while communicate with other people. At present, I belong to Spanish language community. The major specific feature of this community is that the people show a specific kind of attitude to the Spanish spoken population of the island. Similar to Amy Tan, I experience that "there are other Asian-American students whose English spoken in the home might also be described as "broken" or "limited." And perhaps they also have teachers who are steering them away from writing and into math and science, which is what happened to me" (Amy Tan). This fact is very important since it can push language bearers to survive under the effect of many factors. The survival of the Spanish language is the thing that closely depends on the activities of the whol e group. The person that took an active role in the activities of the organization was projected to make a number of rather negative evaluations. Even now the group of rather negative evaluations still continues to be placed on Patois. Language use of these nations continues to be one of the things that still matters. Traditionally, this thing requires people to make little effort to provoke comments. My own experience in working with Spanish group indicates that the remnants of this accent still exist in our society. The main reason for that is the uniqueness of the Spanish language. Even now the language continues to be spoken in the U.S. This tendency remains to be supported by many U.S. residents. The main reason why U still use Spanish often can be simply described as "enjoyment". Once, I was also in the situation close to making a significant linguistic misstep. The situation

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Essay Market and environmental analysis of McDonalds Corp – 2003. Market and environmental analysis is an essential part of an organization’s External Analysis. The main objectives of a market analysis are; a)To determine how attractive a market is. b)To understand the dynamics of the market and amend strategies accordingly. Here we apply the dimensions of a Market Analysis to McDonalds corp. 1)Emerging submarkets; McDonalds failed to recognize the changing trend in customer’s preferences to better tasting, fresher food. This trend led to new sub markets emerging for tastier, fresher and fast food perceived as healthier. A few of the smaller/privately owned competitors (Cosi and Quizno’s) were able to operate in niche markets selling gourmet sandwiches and salads. The emergence of smaller restaurants offering easy access to exotic foods such as sushi and burritos created a more specialized niche market. 2)Size and Growth; With the emergence of these sub-markets and niche markets, McDonalds started losing market share. It now had to share its fast-food mass market with these newly created markets. Even though these restaurant chains were small in size, their growth opportunities presented a potential threat to McDonalds. They operated on service that was better than McDonalds at the same time providing better tasting food, which led to an increase in its sales. This sector was in the early stages of growth where as McDonalds was past the maturity stage. 3)Profitability; McDonalds profitability can be gauged by using Porters 5 factor model. a)Intensity of competition among existing customers was relatively high. Direct competitors like Wendy’s and Chik-Fil-A were able to out perform. McDonalds based on service quality by providing quicker service. In comparison McDonalds had a large number of franchises, but will falling service time. b)Threat of new entrants: Other market niches like quizo’s, cosi and small restaurants offering exotic foods also provided a high degree of competition to McDonalds by offering food that appealed to changing customer preferences. The only barrier to entry that McDonalds used was to open a large number of franchises and offer an inexpensive menu; this is however changing as franchisees are leaving McDonalds, lowering the barriers to entry. c)Substitute products would include fast food options available in leading supermarkets, and cafe’s offering exotic foods like sushi. d)Bargaining power of customers. Customers are the main source of income for McDonalds. Customers were not happy with the menu offered at McDonalds and hence took their custom to other restaurants, leading to a drop in sales. e)Bargaining power of suppliers: McDonalds aimed to keep their menu prices low (source more details about suppliers) 4)Cost structure McDonalds strategic focus was on cost and service. In order to raise service quality new kitchens were installed. However, this installation was done for some franchises that did not need it and where the new additions did not help improve business. In order to keep the price of its burgers low, it asked the franchises to sell at a loss. Example: Promoting a $1 burger when the cost to make it was $1. 07. This lack in foresight resulted in rising costs to franchise owners who responded by leaving McDonalds and going over to competitors. This snowballed into falling investor confidence resulting in falling equity. Another cost issue was investing in too many takeovers which it couldn’t handle at the same time as improving service quality and revamping the menu. 5)Distribution Systems McDonalds distribution system was the large and growing number of franchises. However not many of the franchises were posting profits and as per Exhibit 1, more than 500 would have to be closed. One of McDonalds strengths is its distribution system, where in customers come in and have the same experience that they have at any other store. However, this can also be a weakness as providing a consistent experience soon becomes ordinary. 6)Market Trends. The fast food casual market was quickly breaking up into fragments. With the rising immigrant population customers now had a choice of items. McDonalds realize this too late and try to counter this effect by introducing new burgers. However, the testing of the new menu does not gauge strongly enough the changing customer preferences and this poor planning led to its failure. Internally changing trends were also blindsided. Franchisees who were the closest to customers were not included in decision making and were thus disgruntled. Here was the need to change the management style from top-down to bottom-up. This would have solved some of the issues plaguing McDonalds, by providing data on what customers want and what products would have a greater chance of success. 7)Key success Factors McDonalds did have some strengths or key success factors; a)Large number of franchises that led to economies of scale. This however contrasted to the ‘small is beautiful’ concept of the niche markets. b)Complete training for franchisees to begin and run their own McDonalds proved to be a good team building exercise. c)Cost of food was low due to economies of scale and economies of size. Moreover, McDonalds was able to negotiate a reasonable price for high quality food products. McDonalds failed to realize the changing trends in the casual fast food markets, as a result of which, a large part of the market share was taken over by existing brands like Wendy’s and new players like Panera bread co. The company also failed to acknowledge competition from the niche markets serving gourmet and exotic foods. This lack in analysis led to lowering of entry barriers for new entrants, loss of market share to competitors (Wendy’s, Chick-Fil-A. ), disgruntled franchisees, and a drop in sales leading to a fall in equity value. Environmental Analysis 1)Political: 2)Economic: 3)Socio-Cultural: There are three cultural forces that influence marketers: a) persistence of cultural values, b) subcultures and c) shifts in secondary cultural values. Of the three, secondary cultural values carry the largest influence on the fast-food market. When the market is interested in convenience, they are more likely to buy fast food; if the markets secondary values shift and become interested in fitness and health, they will be less likely to buy fast food. (Monash university, 2006) The case shows this shift to gourmet and healthier foods. 4)Technological: McDonalds had begun to notice the importance of technology. The organization was looking at new technological solutions like ERP to improve their supply chain (Newman, 2002) 5)Environmental: 6)Legal: References: Monash university, 2006, Briohny’s Report, Language and Learning Online, Retrieved on 06 May 2008. http://www. monash. edu. au/lls/llonline/writing/business-economics/marketing/3. 3. 2. xml Newman, K, 2002. McDonalds seeks closer electronic relations, iStart. com:Technology in business, www. istart. co. nz, retrieved on 06 May 2008. http://www. istart. co. nz/index/HM20/PC0/PVC197/EX245/AR22537.

Muscle Growth Essay -- Muscle Growth Physiology Health Essays

Muscle Growth With the introduction of such modern conveniences such as the automobile, remote control, and even the electric toothbrush people are relying on technology to do everything for them. With a generation growing up in todays society physical tasks have almost become obsolete. Tasks such as even going shopping and going out to visit a friend can be done from the comfort of your own computer. With this sedentary lifestyle, muscular size will almost be unnecessary, except for the athlete who wants to succeed in sports. To the non-athlete, there will be no reason to leave the house because everything that you need will be at your fingertips, you will not have to get up and do anything. Any type of exercise is good for the body and muscles. Muscle growth is essential if you want to look better, feel better, and perform everyday tasks such as walking to the car, and getting out of bed easier. A person who is in shape will also sleep better then an out of shape person, and feel more revitalized in the morning. Muscles account for approximently 35% of the body weight in women, and about 45% of the body weight in men. With over 600 muscles covering the human skeleton muscles give the body bulk and form. Then human body contains millions of muscle fibres whose coordinated contraction cause the whole muscle to contract. Muscles are the foundation on which our bodies are built. Without muscles our bodies could not perform the simplest tasks such as opening our eyes, talking, breathing and even the pumping of our heart or the most difficult tasks, such as running the hurdles in a track and field event.. Muscles are also important to maintain balance and posture. Description of Muscles In the body there are several types of muscles that control different functions in the body, one of these types being skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is the most evident in the human body due to it having the most mass the other types of muscles and that it lies directly under the skin attached to the skeleton by tendons and ligaments. Skeletal muscles are divided into three structural units, the entire muscle, the muscle bundle, and the muscle fiber (cell). Each muscle fiber is divided into two types of fiber structure, fusiform and pennate, with the pennate being broken up into three basic structures. These structures being the un... ...ng program you should properly stretch the muscles being worked in order to keep them loose. Stretching should also be done directly after a workout because the muscles are still warm and can be stretched more easily. This will also increase flexibility which can be very advantageous in preventing injuries such as muscle sprains and strains. A Conclusion to Muscle Growth A muscle growth program can be beneficial to everybody, from the young athlete wanting to succeed in sports, to the older man trying to help stay and feel young. The benefits of muscle growth are too high to be passed out by anybody who has any sort of ambition of feeling better about themselves, looking better, and having more energy for everyday tasks. You will find that once you start weight training, and muscle and strength growths are noticed that it will almost become addicting and the desire for bigger and better results will become greater and greater. I would recommend muscle growth to anybody, and anyone who disagrees should give it a try, just for a little while, and after the results of improved strength and muscle size are noticed weight training will become a part of their life.

Luxury Brand Essay

Introduction One can describe as luxury all that exceeds the bare essential. It covers all that one considers superfluous and useless. But in the usual direction, luxury means ostentation and refinement in the manners of living (art of the table, elegant toilet, sumptuous decoration ? ). The luxury discusses and is acquired by great expenditure. The philosophers of the Lights had divergent opinions concerning the luxury. Voltaire considered that that represented an essential support of the economy. Rousseau as for him saw the luxury like a principle of exploitation of the small people and the spring of all perversions, because the luxury is made to be admired, it dazzles. We will see through our study how much industry luxury is a singular world in our economy: with very consequent sales turnovers, actors gathered in great powerful groups. We will also be interested in the luxury brands: with the identity of brands, the targets of those. Finally we will analyze the risks for the luxury brand to fall into the hands of standard population. Isn’t the luxury in the street for the greatest number, recent phenomenon, likely you it not to carry damage to the brands? These problems deserve to be posed because it returns to the identity and the image which the luxury brand wishes to give to itself? PART I The industry of the luxury Until the Middle Ages the writings tell us luxury which it was the reflection of the religious mystery which pushes the man to be exceeded by an offering or a sign. We will see how much the concept of going beyond remains, still today for the man, important when it is a question of having luxury. But the blessed time of the luxury is without any doubt: the Rebirth (XVth and XVIth centuries), period of literary, artistic and scientific flowering. This time represents the tangible explosion of the luxury: sail of the sumptuous architecture inspired of Italy, progress of the ornaments of jewels. Also furniture becomes more luxurious; the art of the table avoids refinement. The luxury articles then remain rare objects, related exclusively on the Aristocracy and the Court. With the Rebirth the luxury has a contrasted position. But thereafter it will become the prerogative of the Middle-class. It will take intellectual connotations, results of the great voyages from the time. It is also of this time that dates the luxury for the books, thanks to the work of the bookbinders. Another strong time for the luxury: the XVIIIth century and the positive role of the Encyclopedia. This one treated in its chapters thoroughly: technical and industrial aspects of clothing and the accessories. The trades related to the industry of the luxury can then be shown with the eyes of all as to mean that the luxury is however reserved for elite. At the XIXth century, the economic influence results in new forms of manufacture and distribution. The industry of the luxury is then made up brotherhoods of craftsmen, all having their distinctive signs. From this time one will retain especially, as Zola in â€Å"With the Happiness of the Ladies tells it†, the opening of department stores symbolizes the democratization of the luxury. XXth century will have to be waited, to see flowering in Paris, a multitude of small workshops of craftsmen, devoted to the trades of the luxury. In 1929, in spite of the economic crisis, the intellectual radiation of our country is preserved and Coconut Chanel, Jeanne Lanvin, Louis Cartier are the kings and the queens that the â€Å"large ones† are torn off to get dressed or buy jewels. But the war of 1939-1945 will carry a new blow to France and the development of the industry of the luxury. France will take again its place of leader of the industry of the luxury only per hour of the Release, thanks to: fashion in particular of Christian Dior and the â€Å"new look†, per hour of the revolution zazou and the existentialism. In the post-war period it will really be necessary to wait, the years 1950 and them assistances of the Marshall plan so that manufactures take again their activities. The textile comes then at the head from exports with nearly 20% to the value to the exported products, thanks to Parisian creations very appreciated on the other side of the Atlantic. The period from May 68 reminds all, concerning the luxury, that it should not make forget the great technological stakes of the XXe century. Industrial development is from now on priority and proof is made by it by Pompidou itself: â€Å"Dear old France! Good kitchen! Madness-Shepherdesses! Merry-Paris! The High-Seam (?. )! It is finished. France started and largely started an industrial revolution†. The Seventies were wiser years, years of centering. Fashion is enough conformist, nothing of shocking and nothing eccentric. These years of oil crisis were the period when the Arab emirs invade the jewelers and the large dressmakers. The striking fact of the Eighties is at the level of the consumer of the luxury. The young people discover the luxury thanks to the accessories. We will see further in our study how much this phenomenon is still of topicality today. End of the year the 80 shops will multiply. The actors of the industry of the luxury are from now on conscious of the risk of competition. It becomes necessary to occupy all the crenels; to conquer new territories for fear the competitor does not occupy them. The rather morose Nineties, years, did not save the luxury, which passed through a crisis however more psychological than economic. That will engage a true thoughtfulness on the bases of the luxury. One directs oneself step by step towards a new luxury: of quality, deeper, more spiritual, and more moral. XXIe century is not as certain experts had predicted it, the era of the obliteration of the luxury. In spite of major events: on September 11, 2001, the war of the gulf which amplified an economic crisis in the sector of the luxury, this one holds good while drawing the conclusions necessary. The sector of the luxury is more sensitive than other sectors to the risks of the economic situation. Once the crises passed, the luxury finds all its heat then. 2. General characteristics of the luxury We will approach the luxury here in the broad sense. This definition will help us in the continuation of our study to better including/understanding the relation which is tied between the consumer and luxury brands. Initially we talk about luxury which is characteristic of a civilization and men who compose it. The luxury, eternal, is a valve essential to the human activity as well as the relaxation, the sport, the thinking and the love. It is a considerable share of dream, a manner of appeasing our phantasms. The luxury is a universe, separately, governs by codes, rules, signs. The luxury is a considerable world market, strongly concentrated in Europe and North America. France is a leader in the sector of the luxury, with about half of the production. The luxury is the second economic sector in France thanks in particular to the fact that it is addressed to broader customers and knew periods of strong growths on a world level. Today, the industry of the luxury is somewhat weakened by the reversal of the economic situation world: the fall of tourism, the stock exchange crisis, which touches mainly occasional customers. But the luxury resists while being pressed on solids structural elements. This sector can rely in particular: on the growing proportion of the classes with high incomes in the population, the conquest of new markets such as China, and the development of travels. Broadly the European goods of luxury have a place of choice: they profit from a certain standardization of the modes, universalization and hardly suffer from the competition of the other continents. The sector is addressed to increasingly many customers, this which present important prospects for growth for the next years. One of the paramount characteristics of the luxury is that it has its lines, its forms, its configuration. It transmits its codes of beauty which can even surprise to shock. But the luxury articles are not aesthetically neutral. The creator and the owner incarnate themselves in the luxury article. The choice of this one is thus never indifferent: it signs our personality and fact of us refined beings. Three components develop the luxury: – The object corresponds to a personalized step, – the object is technically perfect, – The object is aesthetically beautiful. In the luxury, the desire is higher than the need insofar as it nourishes our psychic in the same way that the satisfaction of the needs corresponds to our physiological life. One seeks by the means of the luxury article with: to allure, give or give pleasure. Dependent on the beauty, the luxury calls upon the five directions but also with individual passion (search constant and personalized) and with freedom (to rise with the top of its condition). All the actors of the luxury must keep in mind the rules which govern industry of the luxury and particularly during the introduction of products on the market. The first rule, that we will re-examine in the ultimate part of this work, it is to respect the aspirations of the consumers and to even include/understand them to anticipate them in order to ensure the marks of luxury, certain perenniality. We can observe that the market from now on is characterized by the bursting of the request. The offer is today the territory of large owners groups various large marks delivering a keen war. Initially, let us recall that the luxury is a sector gathering various activities. We will present one of typologies here allowing bettering analyzing these activities: – The cultural market (market of Art) – Means of transport (car, yacht, private aircrafts) – Equipment of the person (high-seam, perfumery, leather working, shoes, cosmetics, clock industry, jewelry) – Leisure (cruising, sports of luxury, hotel trade of luxury) – Equipment of the house (art of the table) – Habitat (residences of luxury, decoration of luxury) – Food (wines and spirits, grocer and restaurant of luxury) All these activities form the industry of the luxury. This industry returns to products of high quality, at a concentrated market, gravitational, much targeted and much segmented. Some brands rhyme with luxury and pleasure. Behind these names are however powerful groups, very skilful, which compete unceasingly as regards management of the marks, creativity, communication and distribution. The tendency has been for a few years with the concentration: operation consisting in integrating into a great group, detached houses. In addition, the large actors of the luxury reinforce their positions with international and are more and more obliged to increase their visibility. The current economic situation forced the industrialists of the luxury to engage of the modifications in their policy. Thus we observed on behalf of the great groups a real will to free of debts ourselves. Recent evolutions allowed: an increase in the financial capacity, a modernization of the production equipments, a development of the sales networks, more creation and of innovation. 3. Actors of the luxury – Manpower: 125. 000 people – Sales turnover: 10 billion Euros In 2002, the world market, it were evaluated to 90 billion Euros (HT wholesale price). This market is today in a phase of deceleration. The most flourishing period, because of economic situation quasi-euphoria, is located between the years 1998 and 2000, where the progression of the market bordered to them + 16%. From now on, the growth does not turn any more but around + the 10%. As regards luxury, Paris remains the center of creation, the decision and the definition of the strategy of the companies. On the other hand the manufacturers are present on all the French territory. The leader of the market of the luxury is group LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy)1. The challenger is the group PR (Pinault Spring Redoute). These two groups are French. The other principal actors are: the Richemont group (Swiss) and groups it Prada (Italy). These large financial groups and industrialists in common have the possession of the wallets of luxury brands which have a history founder, which is necessary to exploit. They understood that a brand needs to have a starting point, a human history, even old or remote. In our second part we will approach the luxury brands and beyond they are the strategies of the great groups which will take shape in filigree. PART 2 Marks of luxury And general public 1. Identity of brand The name of a brand or its logo is only the visible part of a more complex reality. These visible signs ensure the mediation between the identity of the company (essential values that it conveys) and its image (perceptions which the customers have of this mark). The concept brand identity remains still too little used by the managers. However this identity constitutes the base and the federator element of all the manifestations of the brand. In term of brands’ management, the concept of identity can appear as a capital importance. Thus if there are â€Å"richer† brand than others, it is that this one profit from a potential evocation more important and more easily mobile. With regard to the sector of the luxury, the identity of brands is a considerable strategic data. It can moreover confer a competing advantage on brand and represent a very pointed strategic tool for the managers of the mark. It should be noted that the identity of brand does not make it possible to intervene directly on the choices of the offers’ structure, of customer, margin and price determination target? It is on the other hand a major resource and a reference brand in the development of the total strategy of the company. The identity of brand will thus affect creation and the communication like on the distribution, the production?. The identity reasoning will be able to thus have an influence more or less pronounced on the strategy of the company and in return the identity of the brand itself will be affected by decisions taken in other functions. In other words, the identity is the substance of the brands and one will see further in our study than it arrives sometimes than this identity, if it is badly perceived by the consumers, perhaps the cause of a crisis of brand. Brands can be considered like vector of direction: it communicates a speech, a message with recipients. Each brand creates a speech which is clean for him, in relation to its products, its history, its projects, the tastes of its customers. The brands take part then in the process of communication because one finds: a transmitter (the company), a recipient (the consumer, the customer), a message. The identity can also be conveyed by a personality which brings all its size to the mark. From there has come for a few years an intensive use famous character to represent the brand: Ex: Ines Sastre for Lancome, Carole Bouquet for Chanel, Kate Moss for Calvin Klein But the identity of brand can be reinforced by talented personalities which carry to end of brand’s arm arm the mark, ex: Tom Ford for Gucci, or Giorgio Armani, Pierre Cardin, Yves SAINT LAURENT, Jean-Paul Gaultier †¦ For considerable luxury brand, it is nowadays dominating to know to perpetuate the identity of the brand, in spite of: the disappearance of the creator or the departure of the personality which characterized it? The goal is to not perturb the customer: it is for example the problem that has recently to face the mark Gucci after the departure of emblematic the fashion designer Tom Ford and chairman of the brand, Domenico de Sole The articulation of a horizon of value makes it possible for brands to connect two distant universes: that of the products and that of the consumers. This contact transforms this relation: on the one hand the brand makes possible to invest the universe of the products with values symbolic systems and imaginary; and in addition it makes it possible to represent and consider the consumer, according to various visions: commercial, industrial or economic. The consumer is considered, as we already specified, like recipient. Brands, by using a language of values, are addressed more to the individual, apprehended in totality its being, of its personality, of its needs, that with the consumer. In the sector of the luxury, consumption is done through a context of life and the identity of mark does nothing but reinforce this context. In short to be a mark with success, it is necessary that the identity of the brand is built starting from various points: 1 In 2004: Tom Ford and Domenico De Sole announced their departure of Gucci group and do not renew its contract with PR. All wonder which is the future of the Gucci mark without the Genious creator . ? A genetic code : a history founder. A mark absolutely requires for a starting point, a history of man, even if it is old. ? Know-how: it can be transmitted in a subjective way without technical relationship to reality of today. But this know-how is a pledge of quality and professionalism and confers on the mark all its reputation. ? Distinctive signs: they are essential. It can be a question of the logotype (certain companies go until selling their logotype1), but also of services, products, the design, color (ex: the red Ferrari)? ? A language of the brand : this one will be able to be thus found in the communications of the mark. ? A distribution network : this one will have to evolve/move with the behavior of the consumers. ? A spirit of idiot searches : the territory of the brand is defined by the most representative of the company which has the role of projecting the mark in a anticipative vision. ? Charisma: a luxury brand must imperatively have a charismatic dimension. It is a credit of image which is the first step towards an identity strong and impossible to circumvent. We saw throughout this part that a brand needs a strong identity to be visible and gravitational with the eyes of the consumers. To be visible, it is thus necessary for the luxury brand to have adequate communications. 2. Communication of the luxury brands The universe of the luxury, intended either for the ornament of the individual, or the embellishment of its personal environment, answers a series of needs, desires, wishes, dreams. ? Targets of the luxury brands The products of the marks luxury brands, as we specified before, must tell a history which must correspond to waiting of the customers. Customers, heart of target, present of the particular characteristics of which first are that they are consumers to financial means much more important than average (the highest CSP). This social category, elite, has a very particular motivation: it is necessary to meet their desires and not their needs. It will be a question of playing on the mental one more than on the material. Hedonists, less and less faithful to the marks, they await always more quality, of safety and especially of immaterial added value: services, citizenship, ecology, environmental protection? For customers , heart of target: the request should be caused. Generally the creator imposes his tastes. This category of affluent continues by choosing the most selective luxury articles, newest and most inaccessible. It is eager to mark its social status. Its completely distinctive life style, is an escape ahead, in order to escape the correction from the â€Å"new classes: rich person and avid of modernity â€Å". The luxury is for them a bench brand, a brand of membership of a club which they want relatively selective. The principal target gathers it, of the classes of â€Å"new rich person†, rather young person who acquired a social status raised thanks to incomes resulting from the business world, industries of high technology? With regard to the characteristics of the targets: it acts people of more than 25 years having a social status raised certainly, which have good taste but which sees especially the luxury as a universe which reflects their aesthetic choices like their personality. We are in a society, whose modes of consumption to the wire of the decades changed. Yesterday, one consumed necessary. Today it is not any more the case and the modification of the behaviors also had effects on the consumption of the luxury. More than ever, today there is a search for pleasure above all. In our company, there is from now on a â€Å"social legitimating of the pleasure†1, which leads the individuals to want what there is best and of more beautiful for them. Via the communication and the media we receive messages more and more, praising the benefits and the legitimacy of personal blooming. Legitimate targets inaccessible luxury, are not with a view to consumption to conclusive dimension. For these raised categories, the luxury is an ordinary consumption exceptional people. And yet the report has not been pus also Net for a few years. We will see in our ultimate under-part that the luxury can also be an exceptional consumption ordinary people. But our report will go, on the consequences, of this last tendency, for the marks. ? The Positioning of the marks of luxury Each mark of luxury wishes to give to the public an image, of it and its products, which aims at being strongly anchored in the spirit of the customers. Thus the stake is to dissociate itself, to be distinct from competition. Examples of positioning: – Vuitton : Louis Vuitton, give heart to your desires. – Gucci: Gucci, to play the chart of the ultra seduction. – Chanel: Elegant and modern: you are so much Chanel. ? Objectives of communication of the marks of luxury We will take the example of the objectives of communication of the Louis Vuitton brand. These objectives are very representative of those of the other marks of luxury. – It is necessary to develop a more human image, less centered on the research of the immediate profit, nearer to the consumers of the mark, while keeping an elitist tone, obliged symbol of the marks of luxury. – It is necessary to make known the various lines of goods and to make like the products. – It is necessary to propose the know-how house of the products, but also the aspects innovating, the matters design? – It is necessary to be different from competition in the spirit of the consumers, while being affirmed like a credible mark in all its actions and able to give satisfaction to customers with very different waiting. Each brand as we have already seen contains values as well as a capital of evocation which it is a question of registering in the spirits of the consumers. It is the role of the communication which to make so that the consumers are to attract by such or such public image. ? Strategy of the means of communication of the marks of luxury It is of primary importance for a mark of luxury: to control its image. That implies on behalf of the seat to take account of the information brought by actors present on the ground: subsidiary companies and distributors. The marks must be permanently held with listening of all the markets of the house to optimize the effectiveness of the communication campaigns. It is regularly necessary to go in each country, where the mark holds of the shops to take the temperature of the market. The subsidiary companies have an active role in the development of the advertising campaigns, being precisely on the ground. The marks leave them certain flexibility, in particular on the choice of the products to be proposed like on the most relevant interpretation making pass by the words of the international advertising concept. A country can also have a direct action via initiatives the editorial ones in the local magazines. As regards communication of the products of luxury there is homogeneity of the campaigns. In general for a product or a mark, the campaigns are international and no distinct according to countries’. However, it can happen that the cultural factor is determining in the design of products of luxury. It is noted for example that the woman Chinese or Japanese uses much more beauty products than the Western woman, which can push the houses of luxury (ex : Lancome) to vary the products according to the characteristics of the various countries where the mark is established. All that will thus affect the communication campaigns, which will be able to then vary according to markets’ (Europe, the United States or Asia). The globalization allows a â€Å"interbreeding† of the tastes. Today, the marks do not propose any more one single reference to the markets of the whole world but adapt the products to the request. The strategy of communication of the brand of luxury is before a whole strategy of image. The codes of the communication of the luxury aim at creating diktats of marks. Publicities are often minimalists. The majority show the product alone resting on no support. This representation is supposed to show the perfection of this one. The product and its mark are the message and do not have no need, seems you it of development. In the majority of the cases one recalls the existence of the product and the mark, without necessarily putting them in scene. The communication of luxury composes with three paramount elements: – the quality of the product – The dream and public image – For certain brands, the quality of service The means of communication usually used are: the press, the event-driven one, sponsoring. The magazine: of two great types – the female press magazine, of mode: It, Cosmopolitan, Pace1†¦. Press multi-local, more expensive than the national but more flexible press. – the press European, international: Time, Newsweek?. Allows capitalizing on a total image, The event-driven one/sponsoring When a mark of luxury engages in sponsoring, sportsman for example, his goal is to improve his notoriety and his public image. For that most interesting and the least expensive for a mark is to associate its name a prestigious sporting event, which makes dream. Ex: Cut of America and Louis Vuitton. For the sport, it is of primary importance that the event conveys positive values close to those of the luxury: purity, beauty, exclusiveness. But today, in front of the exacerbated competition that the actors of the luxury and with inaccuracy of the customers deliver themselves who follow a fashion in perpetual change, all these marks seek to be dissociated even more, from/to each other and with becoming even more single. This tendency will also touch the actions of sponsoring. Thus the mark of luxury will not be satisfied to affix its name with an event; it will become a quasi fusion partner. The mark will communicate on the event in which it takes part in its points of sale and will use the public relations in order to it mediates to the maximum. A tendency emerges on behalf of the large houses of luxury: to touch a younger public, in order to widen their customers. For that the means of communication used will be: Internet and the event-driven one. 3. Luxury and general public Initially let us point out the problems which were the discussion thread of this work: which are the risks and consequences for a mark, which multiply occasions to be to have by the greatest number? These problems will bring us, in this part to question us on the luxury and general public. As we endeavored to show it throughout this work, the luxury is not a sector like the others, a long time it was the territory of the â€Å"happy few† (target population of the luxury having the incomes more raised)1. During twenty last years, the luxury was democratized considerably. The products and services of luxury are gradually descended in the street and from now on, by ex: the perfume of luxury brand, certain products (like the accessories) are occasionally consumed by the greatest number. To make flash back the prestige top of range, on more accessible products in order to better sell them?certain houses of luxury did not hesitate to democratize their offer in order to widen their customers, thus hoping to make volume. Thus the greatest number will be able to be scented with Must of Cartier, to get dressed with a tee-shirt DKNY (Karan gave), to put its keys in a small trousseau at the monogram LV (Louis Vuitton)? The prosperity of the companies of luxury rests a paradox: to put in scene products glamour reserved at the elite, for better selling standardized products with the greatest number. â€Å"The widening of the customers for twenty years has been the great success of the sector â€Å". To arrive to this widening, the houses of luxury followed two directions: – Diversification This method consists in for a mark becoming multi segment by granting licenses, sometimes to all goes. Ex: Gucci, leather dealer at the beginning. Since 1995, the mark had multiplied the licences. Lighters were found Gucci as well as bottom-of-the-range products, distributed everywhere. – The variation That consists in creating products or signs of entry of range. Ex: Christian Lacroix, propose a Bazar line with articles with less than 150 euros. Ex: Louis Vuitton, propose toners, very cheap. Some follow even the two tracks. Ex: Giorgio Armani : its top-of-the-range claw gave rise to less expensive sub-brands (ofEmporio Armani with Armani Jean). But the diversification and the variation of the claws of luxury, are not without risk. A true strategic interrogation is posed: how much products a mark can it carry without galvauder? The marks must take care to keep their positioning luxates. The products of luxury, supposed being inaccessible, are qualified products phantasms. If they are standardized, made common, with the range of the greatest number, the products of luxury are likely to lose will have to them. A whole of risks watches for the marks which are engulfed in the methods of diversification and variation: – Loss of the imaginary character of the marks – mental loss in value of the products – vulgarizing of the mark – devalorization of the mark – Dilution of the mark about competition – deterioration of the public image The disappointment of a customer on an article of entry of range quickly made fade on the image of the unit. It seems of thus be likely to multiply the occasions of entry of range to satisfy the passion with general public for the luxury. Finally the largest risk for a mark would be more not to be regarded as marks of luxury. Ex: Gucci. The company had multiplied the licenses so much, that in 1995 one did not regard it any more as one mark of luxury. It will be necessary, to find a strong statute of mark of luxury, to give up the strategy of diversification and to count on the genius of the creator Tom Ford and on the ingeniousness of the chairman Domenico de Sole. But is thus to answer the passion of general public that the marks launched out in these strategies like acquiring a planetary stature. But today with the risks of vulgarizing, the marks prefer to control their production and their distribution. It is besides by using a distribution in selective network that the marks of luxury will be able to touch the public which agrees to them. Conclusion In strong progression, in spite of the international events of these last years, the sector of the luxury continues its change on multiple axes: reinforcement of the groups, widening of the territories of mark, atomization of the customers, need for conquest of rising generation, evolutions of the distribution networks and political news of communication? These transformations require quite informed actors in order to make the best decisions. General public occasionally seeks to get products of luxury. But contrary to the most affluent classes, it is a step of demonstration of the marks. One wants to show with the eyes of all which one has would be this only one accessory of a large mark. The passion of general public for the products of luxury led a phenomenon to develop at speed large V: the counterfeit of marks. There is a request as regards luxury and the offer is done by products of counterfeit. There it is not a question of vulgar copy, quickly uncovered by the authorities. The marks must from now on face a counterfeit with the identical one, which sows the doubt in the spirit of the consumer. The consequence first is that certain marks go down in the street. It was the case for the mark Burberry. The second consequence is that the mark saw its image deteriorating near its target public so much so that it decided to take legal measures to fight against the counterfeit. It was also necessary to centre its products in a very top-of-the-range positioning. As we saw throughout this work, the importa.